New media can be scary and confusing. Fear and confusion about new technologies, cultures, or modes of expression have made it easy to point to the negative, scary, counterproductive, or self-centered aspects of, for instance, social media platforms. But new media and social media can be extremely positive tools for social good, too! Students in COM360: Media Literacy & Effects were asked to consider the prosocial aspects of social media. Prosocial behaviors are completely voluntary actions aimed primarily at benefitting others, and they abound in social media environments. Students considered the affordances (the modes of interaction that the media allow), the constraints (or limitations), and the potential social effects of a variety of social media platforms and campaigns. Below, we've included just a few of their reflections. Children’s Characters Contributed by Jill Keskimaki A current example of prosocial media is when Instagram users post pictures of animated characters along with the caption, “I intend to populate Instagram with children’s characters for Child Cancer Awareness Week. Give me a like and I’ll assign you a character.” A few users also choose to include the hashtag #childhoodcancerawareness. The goal of this prosocial media is to raise awareness of childhood cancer by simply posting photos of popular children’s characters, including Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, and Olaf the Snowman. This particular prosocial medium contains a couple of affordances. It allows users to see the campaign without having to search for it, since it will show up in their home feed. For those who choose to use the hashtag, they can find others who also tagged their photos. By including the caption stating, “Give me a like and I’ll assign you a character,” the movement becomes social and will spread rapidly. On the other hand, the campaign for Child Cancer Awareness Week has its constraints. Since the hashtag is not used by everyone who posts, there is no easy way to see all of the posts in one accessible location. This movement is easy for any Instagram user to contribute to since it only involves posting a single photo, something they would likely do anyway. When a user scrolls through his feed and sees the posts promoting awareness of childhood cancer, they will be inspired to take action, whether it’s posting a photo of their own or going beyond that and helping the cause in some other way. Chapecoense Contributed by Gustavo Zogobi The prosocial media campaign that earned my attention recently, sadly, is related to the airplane crash involving the Brazilian soccer team Chapecoense that happened last week. The team was going to make history playing for the first time in its history in an international final in Colombia. The airplane ran out of gas and crashed into the mountains, killing seventy-one people and leaving only six survivors. After this extremely sad accident, a prosocial media campaign came up on social media everywhere. People began using the #ForcaChape which means “StayStrongChape” on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. The affordances for this campaign were to give some support in a way that everyone could. Another affordance was people were changing their own profile pictures on Facebook in favor of a Chapecoense logo. The main Chapecoense’s color is green and, thus, a lot of websites from Brazil changed their own website colors to green. The whole world has shown support to Chapecoense. It showed that everyone together supporting or giving support to a cause can make a lot to others. It was a very sad occasion; however, everyone was united trying to give some emotional support to the families, to the players, and to everyone who died in this tragedy. The constraints of the campaign include the simple fact of doing something on social media and not in person or something really affective to this cause. Personally, I changed my profile picture on Facebook but I felt that did not help to support the cause as I would like to. I feel as though a lot of people wanted to help more but they could not. Personally, this was the main constraint to me. The effect of this prosocial was to relieve the pain that everyone was feeling because of it. The whole country and world were extremely sad because of this accident. The main effect was to show some solidarity to the families, to the club itself and to everyone who felt affected somehow by this terrible accident. Donations Online Contributed by Shuka Wong Donation is a prosocial cause enforced by media. People ask others to donate some money because they need to get help. For example, some companies, like Wikipedia, ask all users to donate because they want to keep their website without using advertisements. The company does that because they do not get any profit from sponsors, so they have to do it to keep the company going. Even though donation is not a device like a television or a smartphone, it is still a form of spreading media messages because it cultivates people. In our current society, people donate for organizations and hospitals. When people are given a reason to donate, they often listen because they feel bad for the other person or want to help their cause. Although the definition of donation is an act to help people, some organizations have a message about solving a problem. People and organizations try to spread the message by asking for help. Media Temple Web Hosting is a website that is for people who try to invent new websites and new digital inventions. They share some ideas to help each other, and companies like Google support Media Temple Web Hosting. With this site, people can make plans to make blogs and develop media. People will join organizations to develop current media in the future. Works Cited Media Temple Web Hosting. “About Media Temple”. Web 7 Dec. Encouraging Yourself, Encouraging Others Contributed by Amanda Bagnall-Newman #CutieSaturday was started on April 15 by Arin Hanson, a YouTube star with a immense animation background. The hashtag movement started simple with this tweet: Drawings flooded into Twitter using the hashtag #CutieSaturday. Hanson himself even joined in on the movement, posing his own art to Twitter. Soon, themes were added to the event, including “dark skinned ladies.” The event happens every so often, but some users stick to the movement and post one cutie per week. Hanson’s tweets reach out to even the smaller artists who sometimes feel guilt or shame in posting their art in fear it doesn’t meet expectations. Hanson uses his popularity as an internet phenomenon to support smaller artists, which is an awesome thing for someone so popular to do.
While the hashtag event may seem silly, it encourages artists to pick up a pencil, draw something cute and share it to the artist community. As an artist, the drive to draw for yourself is lacking, and some need the push of a social media movement to do something great for themselves. This also encourages those artists to retweet others' art and spread positive messages to one another. If someone receives great feedback on a piece, they are driven to post more and more art. They give feedback to other artists, who in turn create more art, and the cycle continues. The hashtag movement provides a haven for artists to communicate with each other to send encouragement to follow their passions, despite their ability to draw. A constraint of the hashtag is the effect is has on users’ Twitter timelines. Some followers complain of floods of arbitrary, annoying, and uninteresting art. For those uninterested in the artist community and following Hanson for his other professions, their entire feeds were spammed with content they were not interested in almost every Saturday. Other complaints are the specific posts Hanson retweets, which are typically poses of women in suggestive poses or in erotic clothing. Some users complain stating this objectifies both women and how they are portrayed in art. Scrolling through the feed, I estimate that fifty percent of the retweeted art is sexual in some form. This encourages artists to post more lewd drawings in hopes of getting retweeted, even if that isn’t their style. In conclusion, #CutieSaturday is a great prosocial behavior that encourages the art community to take to Twitter and share their art, give feedback and encourage others to do so as well. The movement helps give smaller artists the chance to show their stuff and gain following. While there are flaws in the system with unfair retweeting and spamming of newsfeeds, the hashtag still gets artists to draw and share their work.
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Contributed by Lindsey Vagnini Until this week, I was unconvinced that anyone could make a social media campaign truly successful. At least, I thought major hashtag campaigns like #BlackLivesMatter and #ShareaCoke received their success and spreadability because of their popular branding—or maybe simply because people like Coke! The #BlackLivesMatter campaign was a social media campaign that reflected a protest in response to racial and social issues. On the flip side, the #ShareaCoke campaign was intended as a commercialized effort to gain revenue and customer commitment to the Coca Cola company. In short, it is the basic definition of advertising at its prime. But what about the local, small-town people who want to advocate for a pressing cause in need of contributors? Can those people receive the same recognition as these hashtag campaigns? A recent hashtag campaign, #DanikaStrong, started for Danika Newberry, a former Lakeland University student and member of Pi Kappa Gamma sorority, on Nov. 18. This campaign started after Newberry received devastating news relating to a potentially fatal heart condition. Participants in the campaign are following this young lady’s free spirit and outgoingness by creating videos of their whimsical dance moves and posting them on Facebook. All of the videos include the hashtag #DanikaStrong in a Facebook post. An initial video, posted by Pi Kappa Gamma, has already received over 7,000 views. In the video, Newberry is seen dancing “like no one is watching” in various environments. Subsequent videos have followed Newberry's lead. After each video, creators nominate a list of people to take on the #DanikaStrong challenge, giving nominees 24 hours to accept the video challenge. This campaign also is selling t-shirts in support of this hashtag campaign. Each shirt includes a heart, advocating the need for heart donations and, of course, the hashtag #DanikaStrong printed on the backside. In the past few days, college students and faculty members from campuses like Ripon College and St. Norbert College have undertaken the challenge. To get a sense of just how much effort it would take for this video to grow its viewership, we can consider an article from Entrepreneur regarding the mass communication market’s challenge for digital video social media presence. In the article, Jason Ankeny notes, “Uploaders upload 100 hours of video to YouTube every 60 seconds and share more than 4.75 billion pieces of content on Facebook every 24 hours.” As this statistic indicates, the flood of digital video content is continually in competition with other content simultaneously being uploaded. Still, the #Danika Strong hashtag campaign is competing well under these unparalleled digital constraints. In the media study, “Toward Critical Media Literacy: Core Concepts, Debates, Organizations, and Policy,” Kellner and Share write, “Critical literacy gives individuals power over their culture and thus enables people to create their own meanings and identities and to shape and transform the material and social conditions of their culture and society.” A hashtag campaign like #DanikaStrong establishes the power to transform a culture and society through awareness, while also serving as a comfort and strength during Newberry’s battle. Additionally, these videos represent a unique expression of identity by motivating people to participate on their makeshift dance floors under a camera’s eye. If interested in joining the campaign, see the #DanikaStrong page on Facebook. Resources
Ankeny, J. (2014, April 23). How These 10 Marketing Campaigns Became Viral Hits. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/233207 Kellner, D., & Share, J. (2005). Toward Critical Media Literacy: Core concepts, debates, organizations, and policy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 26(3), 381-382. doi:10.1080/01596300500200169 Contributed by Willie Franke Recently, there has been a lot of talk surrounding patriotism in sports and its effect on our world today. Specifically, people have been talking about the actions of Colin Kaepernick, a former starter, then back up, and now starting quarterback once again for the San Francisco 49ers. The reason patriotism in sports has been so popular lately is because Kaepernick chose to take a knee during the national anthem to avoid supporting a country that, in his view, treats people of color and minorities unfairly. Kaepernick's actions have spurred most of the country to get involved in the issue and caused many people to choose sides. While there is still widespread debate on whether or not Kaepernick should be kneeling during the anthem, it is clear that his message is powerful and he obviously has followers who believe in his actions and feel the same way he does. In reality, we the general public should not be surprised to see patriotism and acts related to the military or country in sporting events. For example, a popular act of political cultivation in sports is what I like to call the “Big Reveal.” In the Big Reveal, a family is shown before the game on the stadium or arena's big screen. Usually, they are facing the camera with their back turned to the field or court. But this family is not a normal family. This family has a member serving overseas in the military, a person who they have not seen for a period of time. Before the game, on the big screen the family is honored because of their family member’s services when all of the sudden the missed family member appears behind them and they turn around to see their father, mother, husband, wife, etc., and tears of joy fill the family and the audience (I know they fill mine at home!). Why does this happen at sporting events? People criticize Colin Kaepernick for standing up for his cause because it has nothing to do with sports. But what does the Big Reveal have to do with sports? Why couldn’t the family member just surprise his or her family at home instead of at the 50-yard line of Lambeau Field? I think the military is trying to encode a message to the country about how amazing it is to be in the military by revealing the joy of coming home to surprise your family. The military shows people that soldiers are the reason why people are this happy. That is why I believe Kaepernick is getting so much backlash for his protest. It does not make our country look good and it does not make people happy and it does not support war. U.S. citizens do not want to admit that there is a problem with our country because we are proud to be Americans. The Big Reveal is a great thing. It does touch everyone’s hearts when we see families reunited. However, I believe it is often set up and paid for by the military to both give a good impression to the public and to keep people supporting the U.S. and our military. I have talked with several people about this idea. One friend, T., agrees that the Big Reveal gives the public a positive view of the military. He said, “It shows a tear-jerking side that everyone can relate to. Everyone has missed someone for one reason or another. Then, when you throw a military spin on it, it shows the joy of a returning veteran or soldier who was doing a good thing for the country. It sort of blocks out the negative of what war is all about.” I agree with my friend because the Big Reveal does block out all the negatives of war and actually makes people believe for a second that war is a good thing. The message that is being encoded is that we must support our military no matter what, and if we do not we should feel un-American. Contributed by Kayla Johnson Women athletes are often used as sex symbols in ways that go unnoticed. Women have been used as sex symbols for so long that it has now become a social norm. Women who have gotten ahead in the sports industry are usually the main ones who are victims of this norm. Women athletes are now forced to look a certain way just to get ahead instead of figuring out who is the better athlete. An example of this is Venus Williams and her sister Serena Williams. Media coverage of Venus and Serena Williams has paid attention to their curves. The sisters have, in turn, gained the attention of the male audience by posing half naked for photographs. The article “Turns Out Women Want Athletes to Look Like Athletes, Not Sex Symbols” talks about how women actually want to change and don’t want to pose half naked, even though they are often expected or essentially forced to do so. Many women feel as though posing naked on magazines presents a bad image for younger kids. I agree with that statement 100% because, as a child, whether you want to admit it or not, you follow what you see. I would hate to see my future daughter posing naked for a sports picture because of something she saw on a magazine. Women already are dealing with self-esteem issues and posing half naked doesn’t help. It tells kids how their bodies should look, even if they know that much of the time the images of athletes' or models' bodies are photoshopped. I see both sides of the picture. I know sex sells because it's more appealing to the eyes, but I feel there should be a better way. The article cited above also explains how, in most pictures, women look as if they are more prepared to walk a runway than to score a goal and that’s a problem. Men are often seen in media for their incredible plays and on the field. If you were to look at ESPN and just flash to see what’s on, it would show a man more than 95% of the time. Media prioritize sex appeal over women’s athletic talents which gives the wrong impressions. Women’s views on sports are now equal and this is something that should be fixed. Contributed by Kayla Johnson In this day and age, parents trust their kids watching cartoons, fearing that they would come across something inappropriate on TV if they were to watch anything else, unaware of the subtly inappropriate messages that cartoons have. One of these cartoons with subtly inappropriate messages is one of the most popular shows, SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob is a very colorful show featuring many kid-friendly characters, including a sponge named SpongeBob (of course), a starfish named Patrick, a crab named Mr. Krabs, and a squirrel named Sandy. When watching SpongeBob every day this summer with my nephew, though, I came across a lot of inappropriate content. My nephew is only two and, so, he wouldn’t understand the things he was watching, but I completely understood and realized SpongeBob was not entirely for kids. In one of the episodes, for instance, SpongeBob offered to help his friend Squidward direct a commercial for the Krusty Krab restaurant. SpongeBob got in the way of the project and so he said he could help by my burying himself in the ground. SpongeBob buried himself, leaving just his nose pointing upward and Squidward replied, “Please tell me that’s your nose,” implying that it could have been SpongeBob's, um, “private area,” which is inappropriate for a children’s show. Another example of inappropriate things in SpongeBob was an episode in which SpongeBob was blowing up balloons and the balloon happened to look like a condom. SpongeBob is introducing sex to kids at a young age without parents even knowing due to the fact that it’s on a children's station called Nickelodeon. With that being said, parents should look at the deeper meaning of the cartoons their children watch before allowing them to continue watching them. Instead, they should get them active outdoors and away from the television! Contributed by Zachery Mock
If one has not at least heard about the newest saga of the Star Wars trilogy Episode VII: The Force Awakens then they have purposely tapped themselves out of the realms of the media. Released on December 18, 2015 The Force Awakens dazzled audiences with many different aspects never shown in past Star Wars trilogies such as starring an African American actor and presenting a leading lady with some fight in her and the ability to wield a lightsaber. But as the box offices sold out theatre after theatre of Episode VII, away from the big screen there was huge controversy over the distribution of novelty items and toys in relation to the movie. It was discovered that in many toys and games released by Hasbro such as Monopoly the lead female character Rey was not an option as one of the playable characters. According to the article “Where’s Ray” by Michael Boehm, Hasbro released a statement to the public saying that the decision to exclude Rey was “to preserve plot secrets” (Boehm, 1). Deeper analysis reveals that these decisions to release Rey at a later time were not in fact to prevent plot revelations like Hasbro earlier claimed, rather it was all about the marketing strategy. Hasbro had one demographic they wanted to please and that was young boys who they felt would not want to play as a girl character. In early meetings with Lucasfilm it was anticipated that the release of the Rey figurine with many of the toy sets was set in stone and agreed on by many individuals at these meetings. Later it was said that as these meetings occurred, the preference for the star female character became less and less prominent. This led to the release of the toys in which did not contain any signs of Rey. As time went by and this controversy went back at Hasbro, they began to release games and toys such as Guess Who and chess sets including the action-fighting lady Rey. It really is appalling why it took the toy companies such a long time to release entertainment items with inclusion of the Rey character. The industry could be much better with diversity compared to back in the 1970s, but there is still definitely a lot of work needed to fully grant diversity with female characters. REFERENCES: Boehm, Michael. “Where’s Rey?” Sweat Pants and Coffee. 19 January, 2016. Web. 20 September, 2016. Contributed by Amanda Bagnall-Newman
Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope is the original Star Wars movie that started the epic franchise. Luke Skywalker is just a moisture farmer’s boy (or so he thinks) whose lifelong home is destroyed by Storm Troopers who are searching for a droid he had recently purchased. In this iconic shot, Luke hurries home to find his house ablaze, his aunt and uncle lying dead, and all he is left with is a fueled rage against the Galactic Empire. Luke is then thrown into an action-packed adventure across the galaxy to defeat the Death Star and save the day. But something seems off with this scene. After watching the entire series and seeing Storm Troopers in action, this murderous crime doesn’t seem like their work. The Empire was looking for pretty important stuff, and they wouldn’t hesitate to ravage homes to find it. But Owen and Beru Lars were slaughtered horrifically, which isn’t exactly their style. Their blasters couldn’t melt off flesh yet still leave bone. Storm Troopers are not that merciless. But I have an idea who is; Boba Fett. As seen in the special editions scenes, he was on Tatooine at the time of the murders. He does have his signature flamethrower strapped to his arm, which could have set blaze to the moisture farm, and could have easily burned the flesh off of Luke’s guardians. We also know the Empire is more than willing to outsource their jobs to bounty hunters. There is a scene in the franchise's second film in which Darth Vader is assigning conditions for hired assassins and emphasizes the importance of capturing them alive. He then points a finger at Boba Fett and reminds him “NO disintegrations.” Based on Vader’s reaction, Boba Fett is famous for burning people alive, which stands to reason that he was responsible for the most notorious disintegrations in the original trilogy. Had Luke known the Lars’ killer, his journey could have been much simpler. He could have simply sought after Boba Fett personally and got revenge on a single person instead of the entire Empire. But that wouldn’t make for as good a movie, would it? Contributed by Jordan Lynch Are you a major Star Wars enthusiast? Do you already live by the Jedi Code? Well, you are well on your way to being a follower of Jediism. Jediism is a non-theistic religion based on the depiction of the Jedi in Star Wars. The following breaks down a few moments and or highlights of what happened to those who follow Jediism. In 2001, there was a worldwide email campaign that would urge people to write in “Jedi” as their answer to the county’s census. Many people at first thought of this religion being a joke, but as time went/goes by there has been much to talk about with this religion. Later in 2001, while drafting the UK (United Kingdom) Racial and Religious Hatred Act, there was an amendment proposed to exclude Jedi Knights from any protection, along with the believers of animal sacrifice and Satanists. This amendment was attempting to be executed because many believed it to be “a joke” it was later withdrawn. Just seven years later in 2008, 23-year-old Daniel Jones founded the church of Jediism with his brother Barney with the belief that the 2001 UK census recognized Jediism as a religion. Jones said, “there are more Jedi than Scientologists in Britain”. The next year, Jones was removed from a Tesco Supermarket in Bangor, North Wales, for refusing to remove his hood based on his religion. The Owner was able to justify his actions when he said, “"He hasn't been banned. Jedi are very welcome to shop in our stores although we would ask them to remove their hoods. Obi-Wan Kenobi, Yoda, and Luke Skywalker all appeared hoodless without ever going over to the Dark Side and we are only aware of the Emperor as one who never removed his hood." His reasoning does sound quite logical when you think about it. If someone is a believer in Jediism and the dark side is equal to evil, with having the hood on meaning that is what people of the Dark side do, then why would someone want someone with potentially bad intentions in their store? Just this last year, students of Dokuz Eylul University in Turkey started a petition on change.org with demands of a Jedi temple to be built on their campus. Their petition goal was to get 200,000 signatures, and they came up just shy with 180,000 signatures. Yet with a growing amount of schools continuing to petition there has been a promising of “a landmark mosque” for those who are believers in Jediism. In the end, one can easily see how Star Wars has left its mark, not only impacting the movie world, media world, but even our real world. It was able to gain a following in more so than a fandom, it gave people something to be passionate about, something to truly believe in. It’s truly amazing to see the impact that movies and media can have over people. REFERENCES: Deacy, C. (2009, December 13). Exploring Religion and the Sacred in a Media Age. Retrieved from google : https://books.google.com/books?id=HRmYapWETqcC&pg=PA15&dq=jediism&hl=en#v=onepage&q=jediism&f=false Lamothe, D. (2015, November 20). The Pentagon’s pugnacious critic on religion gets his day in Congress. Retrieved from The Washington Post : https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/11/18/the-pentagons-pugnacious-critic-on-religion-gets-his-day-in-congress/ Wiki. (2016, September 20). Jediism. Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jediism Contributed by Jill Keskimaki There’s no doubt that the United States swimming team dominated the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro this summer—so much so that a newspaper article summarizing the races and medals won was forced to feature a split headline in order to recognize the athletes’ accomplishments. “Phelps ties for silver in 100 fly” was the featured headline, typed in a large, boldface print. Beneath that headline, a smaller subtitle reads, “Ledecky sets world record in women’s 800 freestyle." Looking at the title from a female standpoint, it seems degrading and unfair. Why would the author show more recognition to the male athlete who tied for silver than the female who broke the world record? A world record that she had previously owned, for that matter. From a journalistic standpoint, however, having “Phelps” across the page in large print will catch readers’ eyes, since he is the most decorated Olympic athlete, after all. When it comes to Stuart Hall’s theory of encoding and decoding, the headline in question can be interpreted, or decoded, in different ways. As the reader, there’s no way to know what the author intended by writing it this way unless he explicitly states it. When this headline was created, the author could have intentionally made Michael Phelps’ second place victory more noticeable because he truly believes male athletes are better or more competitive than female. He could also have written it this way in order to celebrate yet another Phelps medal, since the name has become so recognizable. Or perhaps he simply filled in a headline template with the topics that the article was covering. As readers, we all decode and absorb the media differently. In this case, the article’s headline can be interpreted in the ways I’ve mentioned above, or in an entirely new way. It depends on the readers’ beliefs and values. With access to such a wide variety of media, it’s important to understand that the author may not have encoded the message in the way that you’ve decoded it. That is, the author may not have intended the message to be interpreted in the way that you have. Understanding the way the topics are presented is crucial to your understanding and response to the situation. References Mack, David. “People Are Mad At This Newspaper Headline About Katie Ledecky.” Buzzfeed News. Buzzfeed.com. 13 Sept. 2016. Contributed by Yoji Hayashi Have you ever watched The Interview, by Evan Goldberg and Seth Rogen? This movie was released in 2014, and it was a comedy with an American sense of humor. The main characters, Dave and Aaron run the well-known celebrity tabloid TV show Skylark Tonight. When they find that North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un is a huge of their show, they successfully schedule an interview with him in attempts to legitimize themselves as actual journalists. However, when Dave and Aaron are heading to Pyongyang with the CIA, their plan changes, and they end up trying to assassinate Kim. According to a Variety article by Brent Lang (2015), The Interview made $40 million online in rentals and sales. In addition, the movie has been rented or purchased online and through cable, satellite, and telecom providers more than 5.8 million times. The movie was a huge hit in the United States in 2014. When you think about the social impact and purpose of this movie, though, what kinds of outcomes do you think are likely to be produced? What kind of message does this film give to audiences in the world? Alyson Shontell (2014) notes that Sony Pictures fell under cyber-attack by the North Korean government after producing The Interview, because the movie contains huge political satire about the assassination of the North Korean dictator. In Shontell’s article, she notes that Sony Pictures commented on two purposes for producing the movie: the first reason is it simply entertains people with a sense of humor, and the second reason is that there is a long history of political tension between North Korea and the United States. Personally, I hadn’t had a chance to watch this movie before my American roommates introduced it to me. It is only available on Netflix and a few American online sites, so I was not familiar with it. After I watched this movie, I kept asking questions myself: who has power in this movie? I believe that audiences themselves have the power because they can analyze and interpret based on their values and opinion. Today, media in general have big role in human life, especially for the younger generation. In a digital media era, younger generations should have an ability to interpret and evaluate media, and they should use wisely. References Lang, B. (2015). The Interview makes $40 million online and on-demand. Variety. Retrievedfrom http://variety.com/2015/film/news/the-interview-makes-40-million-online-and-on-demand-1201409731/ Shontell, A. (2014). A Very Nervous Seth Rogen Tried to Explain why he though “The Interview” Was A Good Movie Idea. Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/seth-rogen-explains-why-he-made-the-interview-on-colbert-report-2014-12 |
Media LiteracyOn this page, students in COM360 provide short analyses of media texts, illuminating aspects of modern media that might otherwise go unnoticed by non-critical audiences. Archives
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